Mecanismos potenciais pelos quais o treinamento de força pode afetar a caquexia em pacientes com câncer

Everson Araújo Nunes; Francisco Navarro; Reury Frank Pereira Bacurau; Francisco Luciano Pontes Junior; Luí­s Cláudio Fernandes

Everson Araújo Nunes UniFMU - Pos Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercício. Universidade Federal do Paraná - Departamento de Fisiologia
Francisco Navarro UniFMU - Pos Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercício. IBPEFEX - Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercício
Reury Frank Pereira Bacurau UniFMU - Pos Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercício. IBPEFEX - Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercício
Francisco Luciano Pontes Junior UniFMU - Pos Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercício. IBPEFEX - Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercício
Luís Cláudio Fernandes UniFMU - Pos Graduação Lato Sensu em Fisiologia do Exercício. Universidade Federal do Paraná - Departamento de Fisiologia. IBPEFEX - Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercício

Palavras-chave: Câncer, Exercício de força, Caquexia, Sistema imunológico, Músculo esquelético

Resumo

Indivíduos com câncer podem desenvolver caquexia. Esta é um estado debilitante onde ocorre perda involuntária de peso, desencadeada por desbalanço metabólico no portador do tumor caracterizado por hipercatabolismo. A perda de tecido muscular é fator contribuinte para morbidade e mortalidade no câncer. Intervenções que preservem a massa muscular têm implicações clínicas importantes quanto à melhora do prognóstico e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Pesquisas recentes demonstram que o treinamento de força pode diminuir a perda de tecido muscular esquelético em indivíduos com AIDS, diabetes e atrofia por desuso, enquanto pouco se sabe sobre o efeito desse tipo de exercício em indivíduos caquéticos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura científica a respeitodos mecanismos relacionados à perda de tecido muscular no câncer e aos efeitos do exercício de força sobre a massa e metabolismo protéico muscular em indivíduos sadios e caquéticos. Estes efeitos estão relacionados à estimulação da síntese protéica pela ação de hormônios, citocinas. No futuro, o melhor entendimento destes mecanismos poderá ajudar na prescrição adequada para pacientes com câncer.

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