Muscle damage markers after endurance cycling with multiple sprints
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effect of a 2-hours cycling exercise involving repeated sprints in strength loss and serum concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The sample consisted on nine competitive male cyclists (age: 25.8 ± 3.4 years, VO2max: 63.7 ± 6.7 ml·kg-1·min-1). To determine the concentrations of CK and LDH it was collected 5 ml of blood from the cubital vein in the arm of the subjects before and immediately after performed 2-hours of cycling involving 8 sprints with 15-s of duration. Before and after the cycling test it was analyzed maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Results and discussion: It was observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma concentrations of CK (~48%) and LDH (~11%) compared to pre cycling condition. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction (~13%) in force production of the knee extensor muscles. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that a specific protocol in cycling of two hour of duration trigger acute changes in serum CK and LDH indicating the occurrence of muscle damage.
References
-Abbiss, C.R.; Menaspà, P.; Villerius, V.; Martin, DT. Distribution of power output when establishing a breakaway in cycling. International journal of sports physiology and performance. Vol. 8. Num. 4. 2013. p. 452-455.
-Berg, A.; Jakob, E.; Lehmann, M.; Dickhuth, H.H.; Huber, G.; Keul, J.; Aktuelle Aspekte der modernen Ergometrie. Pneumologie. Vol. 44. 1990. P. 2-13.
-Brancaccio, P.; Maffulli, N.; Limongelli, F.M. Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine. British medical bulletin. Vol. 81-82. Num. 1. 2007. p. 209-230.
-Brown, S.J.; Child, R.B.; Day, S.H.; Donnelly, A.E. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and adaptations following repeated bouts of eccentric muscle contractions. Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 15. Num. 2. 1997. p. 215-222.
-Clarkson, P.; Hubal, P. Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. Journal of Physical Medicine. Vol. 81. Num. 11. 2002. p. s52-s69.
-De Lucas, R.D.; Caputo, F.; Mendes de Souza, K.; Sigwalt, A.R.; Ghisoni, K.; Remor, A.P.; Silveira, P.C.L.; Scheffer, DL. Guglielmo, LG. Latini, A. Increased platelet oxidative metabolism, blood oxidative stress and neopterin levels after ultra-endurance exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 32. Num. 1. 2013. p. 22-30.
-Del Coso, J. González-Millán, C. Salinero, JJ. Abián-Vicén, JS. Garde, SL. Pérez-González, B. Muscle damage and its relationship with muscle fatigue during a half-iron triathlon. PloS one. Vol. 7. Num. 8. 2012. p. e43280.
-Diefenthaeler, F.; Vaz, M.A. Aspectos relacionados à fadiga durante o ciclismo: uma abordagem biomecânica. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Vol. 14. 2008. p. 472-477.
-Dittrich, N. de Lucas, R.D.; Maioral, M.F.; Diefenthaeler, F.; Guglielmo, L.G.A. Continuous and intermittent running to exhaustion at maximal lactate steady state: neuromuscular, biochemical and endocrinal responses. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Vol. 16. Num. 6. 2013. p. 545-549.
-Ebert, T.; Martin, D.T.; Plummer, J.; Withers, R.T. Power Output during women’s World Cup road cycle racing. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 95. Num. 5-6. 2005. p. 529-536.
-Foschini, D.; Prestes, J.; Charro, M. Relação entre exercício físico, dano muscular e dor muscular de início tardio. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano. Vol. 9. Num. 1. 2007. p. 101-106.
-França, S.C.A.; Barros Neto, T.L.; Agresta, M.C.; Lotufo, R.F.M.; Kater, C.E. Resposta Divergente da Testosterona e do Cortisol Séricos em Atletas Masculinos Após Uma Corrida de Maratona. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia Vol. 50. Num. 6. 2006. p. 1082-1087.
-Kremenic, I.; Glace, B.W.; Ben-Avi, S.S.; Nicholas, S.J.; Mchugh, M.P. Central fatigue after cycling evaluated using peripheral magnetic stimulation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 41. Num. 7. 2009. p. 461-466.
-Kuipers, H.; Rietjens, G.; Verstappen, F.; Schoenmakers, H.; Hofman, G. Effects of stage duration in incremental running tests on physiological variables. International journal of sports medicine. Vol. 24. Num. 7. 2003. p. 486-491.
-Kuoppasalmi, K. Plasma testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin capacity in physical exercise. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Vol. 40. Num. 5. 1980. p. 411-418.
-Lepers, R.; Hausswirth, C.; Maffiuletti, N.; Brisswalter, J.; Van Hoecke, J. Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise in sports and exercise. Vol. 32. Num. 11. 2000. p. 1880-1886.
-Lippi, G.; Schena, F.; Salvagno, G.L.; Montagnana, M.; Gelati, M.; Tarperi, C.; Banfi, G.; Guidi, G.C. Acute variation of biochemical markers of muscle damage following a 21-km, half-marathon run. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Vol. 68. Num. 7. 2008. p. 667-672.
-Martínez, A.; Pons, M.M.; Gomila, A.S.; Tur Marí, J.; Pons Biescas, A. Changes in circulating cytokines and markersof muscle damage in elite cyclists during a multi-stage competition. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. Vol. 6. 2014. p. 1-8.
-Siqueira, L.; Muccini, T.; Agnol, I.D. Análise de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos e urinários em atletas de meia maratona. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia. Vol. 53. Num. 7. 2009. p. 844-852.
-Snieckus, A.; Kamandulis, S.; Venckūnas, T.; Brazaitis, M.; Volungevičius, G.; Skurvydas, A. Concentrically trained cyclists are not more susceptible to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage than are stretch-shortening exercise-trained runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 113. Num. 3. 2013. p. 621-628.
-Vogt, S.; Schumacher, Y.O.; Roecker, K.; Dickhuth, H.H.; Schoberer, U.; Schmid, A.; Heinrich, L. Power Output during the Tour de France. International Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol. 28. Num. 9. 2007. p. 756-761.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).