The CrossFit® phenomenon: analysis of the number of box in Brazil and the world and the training and competition model

  • Fábio Hech Dominski Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis-SC, Brasil
  • Pedro de Orleans Casagrande Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis-SC, Brasil
  • Alexandro Andrade Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis-SC, Brasil

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to describe and analyze the number of boxes of CrossFit® worldwide and in Brazil, besides the training and competition models. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted about the number of CrossFit boxes on the official CrossFit website. Results: CrossFit boxes are located in 154 countries on 7 continents, totalizing 14,969 boxes. The United States showed highest number of boxes, with 7314, followed by Brazil with 1055. All states of Brazil showed at least one CrossFit box, being most found in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states. The official CrossFit competitions are organized in three stages, which are held annually, composing The CrossFit Games. Conclusion: The characteristics of the training and competition models are possibly related to the motivation and satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of the practitioners' bond and autonomy, aspects that are possibly favoring the adherence and permanence of the practitioners.

Author Biographies

Fábio Hech Dominski, Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis-SC, Brasil

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC); Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID); Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE); Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

Pedro de Orleans Casagrande, Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis-SC, Brasil

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC); Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID); Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE); Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

Alexandro Andrade, Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis-SC, Brasil

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC); Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID); Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercí­cio (LAPE); Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

References

-Barfield, J.; Anderson, A. Effect of CrossFit™ on health-related physical fitness: A pilot study. Journal of Sport and Human Performance. Vol. 2. Num. 1. 2014.

-Burke, S. M.; Carron, A. V.; Shapcott, K. M. Cohesion in exercise groups: an overview. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Vol. 1. Num. 2. p. 107-23. 2008.

-Butcher, S. J.; Neyedly, T. J.; Horvey, K. J.; Benko, C. R. Do physiological measures predict selected crossFit® benchmark performance? Open access journal of sports medicine. Vol. 6. p. 241. 2015.

-Claudino, J. G.; Gabbett, T. J.; Bourgeois, F.; de Sá Souza, H.; Miranda, R. C.; Mezêncio, B.; Soncin, R.; Filho, C. A. C.; Bottaro, M.; Hernandez, A. J.; Amadio, A. C.; Serrão, J. C. CrossFit Overview: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports medicine-open. Vol. 4. Num. 1. p.11. 2018.

-CONFEF. Conselho Federal de Educação Física. Pesquisa de Pessoas Jurídicas Registradas. [s.d.].Disponível em: <http://www.confef.org.br/confef/pj-registradas/>Acesso em: 09/06/2018.

-CrossFit Affiliate Map.[s.d.]. Disponível em: <https://map.crossfit.com/>Acesso em: 29/06/2018.

-Davies, M. J.; Coleman, L.; Babkes Stellino, M. The relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction, behavioral regulation, and Participation in CrossFit. Journal of Sport Behavior. Vol. 39. Num. 3. p. 239. 2016.

-Deci, E.; Ryan, R. M. The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry. Vol. 11. Num. 4. p. 227-268. 2000.

-Deci, E.; Ryan, R. M. (Ed.). Handbook of self-determination research. University Rochester Press, 2002.

-Dominski, F.H.; Vilarino, G. T.; Coimbra, D. R.; Silva, R. B.; Casagrande, P. d. O.; Andrade, A. Analysis of scientific production related to sports psychology in sports science journals of portuguese language. Journal of Physical Education. Vol. 29. 2018.

-Dominski, F. H.; Siqueira, T. C.; Serafim, T. T.; Andrade, A. Perfil de lesões em praticantes de CrossFit: revisão sistemática. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. Vol. 25. Num. 2. p. 229-239. 2018.

-Fisher, J.; Sales, A.; Carlson, L.; Steele, J. A comparison of the motivational factors between CrossFit participants and other resistance exercise modalities: a pilot study. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2016.

-Fuentes-Lorca, A. La aplicación del crossfit en el ámbito escolar. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y elDeporte. Vol. 5. Num. 1. 2016.

-Glassman, G. (n.d.). CrossFit level one training guide. CrossFit Journal.Disponível em: http://library.crossfit.com/free/pdf/CFJ_English_Level1_TrainingGuide.pdf.Acesso em: 20/03/2018.

-Glassman, G. Whats is CrossFit? 2010. Disponível em: <https://crossfit.com/what-is-crossfit>. Acesso em 01/02/2018.

-Gomes, I. R.; Avila Chagas, R.; Mascarenhas, F. A indústria do Fitness, a mercantilização das práticas corporais e o trabalho do professor de Educação Física: o caso Body Systems. Movimento. Vol. 16. Num 4. p. 169. 2010.

-Hopkins, B. S.; Cloney, M. B.; Kesavabhotla, K.; Yamaguchi, J.; Smith, Z. A.; Koski, T. R.; Hsu, W. K.; Dahdaleh, N. S. Impact of crossfit-related spinal injuries. Spine. Vol. 20. Núm. 9. 2017.

-Huntley, T. Why CrossFit, inc.may be worth $500 million. My Athletic Life RSS. 2012. Disponível em:<http://myathleticlife.com/2012/02/crossfit-worth-500-million/>Acesso em: 9/02/2018.

-Knapp, B. A. Rx’dand shirtless: An examination of gender in a CrossFit box. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. Vol. 23. Num. 1. p. 42-53. 2015.

-Lichtenstein, M. B.; Jensen, T. T. Exercise addiction in CrossFit: Prevalence and psychometric properties of the Exercise Addiction Inventory. Addictive behaviors reports. Vol. 3. p. 33-37. 2016.

-Lindahl, J.; Stenling, A.; Lindwall, M.; Colliander, C. Trends and knowledge base in sport and exercise psychology research: a bibliometric review study. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Vol. 8. Num. 1. p. 71-94. 2015.

-Mehrab, M.; de Vos, R-J.; Kraan, G. A.; Mathijssen, N. M. Injury Incidence and Patterns Among Dutch CrossFit Athletes. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. Vol. 5. Num. 12. 2017.

-Sibley, B. A.; Bergman, S. M. What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFit™ participants. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. p. 1-20. 2017.

-Smith, M. M.; Sommer, A. J.; Starkoff, B. E.; Devor, S. T. Crossfit-based high-intensity power training improves maximal aerobic fitness and body composition. J Strength Cond Res. Vol. 27. Num. 11. p. 3159-3172. 2013.

-Sprey, J. W.; Ferreira, T.; de Lima, M. V.; Duarte, Jr. A.; Jorge, P. B.; Santili, C. An epidemiological profile of CrossFit athletes in Brazil. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. Vol. 4. Num. 8. 2016.

-Teixeira, P.J.; Carraça, E. V.; Markland, D.; Silva, M. N.; Ryan, R. M. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 9. Num. 1. p.78. 2012.

-Thompson, W. R.Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2018. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. Vol. 21. Num. 6. p. 10-19. 2017.

-Tibana, R. A.; Sousa, N.; Prestes, J. CrossFit®: uma análise baseada em evidências. Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício. Vol. 11. Núm. 70. 2017.

-Toledo, E.; Pires, F. R. Sorria! Marketing e consumo dos programas de ginástica de academia. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte. Vol. 29. Num. 3. 2008.

-United Nations. Member States. [s.d.]. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/en/member-states/>; Acesso em: 8/02/2018.

-Vendramin, B.; Bergamin, M.; Gobbo, S.; Cugusi, L.; Duregon, F.; Bullo, V.; Zaccaria, M.; Neunharuserer, D.; Ermolao, A. Health benefits of Zumba fitness training: A systematic review. PM&R. Vol. 8. Num. 12. p. 1181-200. 2016.

-Waryasz, G. R.; Suric, V.; Daniels, A. H.; Gil, J. A.; Eberson, C. P. CrossFit® instructor demographics and practice trends. Orthopedic reviews. Vol. 8. Num. 4. 2016.

-Whiteman-Sandland, J.; Hawkins, J.; Clayton, D. The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model. Journal of health psychology. 2016:1359105316664132.

-Wilson, P. M.; Rodgers, W. M.; Blanchard, C. M.; Gessell, J. The Relationship Between Psychological Needs, Self‐Determined Motivation, Exercise Attitudes, and Physical Fitness 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. Vol. 33. Num. 11. p. 2373-2392. 2003.

Published
2019-07-15
How to Cite
Dominski, F. H., Casagrande, P. de O., & Andrade, A. (2019). The CrossFit® phenomenon: analysis of the number of box in Brazil and the world and the training and competition model. Brazilian Journal of Exercise Prescription and Physiology, 13(82), 271-281. Retrieved from https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/1691
Section
Scientific Articles - Original

Most read articles by the same author(s)