Arrhythmias in professional field football athletes subjected to maximum and submaximum effort test
Abstract
A football player is defined as an athlete who engages in highly complex training, which can generate changes in the professional's heart, which can be both physiological and pathological, demonstrated on an electrocardiogram (ECG). In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of cardiac arrhythmias in professional football players submitted to maximum and submaximal effort tests. For this purpose, 97 players aged between 17 and 35 years were evaluated, who underwent an anthropometric assessment consisting of body weight (kg) and height (cm) measurements. The sample was divided into two groups, one submitted to the submaximal Bruce test (G1-Bruce) and the other to the maximum Mader test (G2-Mader), with recording and analysis of the ECG during exertion. Eighteen athletes had arrhythmias, 8 (16.0%) in G1-Bruce and 10 (21.3%) in G2-Mader, including ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles. Eight athletes were able to complete the tests, and the rest had to interrupt the maximum effort test due to fatigue. Particularities were presented in the ECG leads, such as: Q wave increase, T wave inversion, R wave decrease, J-point depression with rapid rise, bradycardia and sinus tachycardia. As a conclusion, of the total number of evaluated athletes, 18.55% presented arrhythmias during the effort test. Of these, 55.55% were those submitted to the Mader test and 44.45% submitted to the Bruce test, and in both groups the highest percentage was of supraventricular extrasystole.
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