Effects of combined and high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease that affects millions of people worldwide. T2D may be responsible for cardiometabolic dysfunction and a negative impact on physical fitness. Objective: To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects on glycemic control and physical fitness resulting from high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or combined training (CT) versus continuous aerobic training (CAT) in the T2D population. Materials and methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Scielo and PEDro databases. The PICO search strategy was adopted: P (patient) = patients with T2D; I (intervention) = CT and HIIT; C (control) = CAT; O (outcome) = VO2 peak (peak oxygen consumption) and HbA1c% (glycosylated hemoglobin). Results: A total of 10 studies enrolling 578 participants were included. The duration of training ranged from 6 to 36 weeks and the frequency ranged from 3 to 5 days a week. HIIT studies used intensity ≥85% of VO2 peak interspersed with lower intensity exercises and CT studies used moderate intensity continuous aerobic training (50-85% of VO2 peak) associated with resistance training. The results suggest greater effectiveness of CT compared to CAT in improving HbA1c levels. HIIT was more effective than CAT in increasing VO2 peak. Conclusion: The present study suggests that CT and HIIT might be the most efficient exercise modalities to improve glycemic control and physical fitness, respectively, in T2D patients.
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