Cardiovascular risk profile in adults aged 30 to 55 living in Bogotá: are there differences between men and women?
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and in Colombia, particularly in urban areas such as Bogotá. Early identification of the percentage of cardiovascular risk (%CVR) associated with hemodynamic factors is essential for preventive strategies. This study, completed in 2019, analyzed the cardiovascular risk profile in middle-aged adults from the Bogotá population and identified the associations between hemodynamic parameters and the estimated percentage of cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study conducted with 56 participants of both sexes, residing in Bogotá, Colombia. To estimate the %CVR, the model by D’Agostino et al., (2008) was used, along with the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Results: The results showed that 18% of participants presented moderate risk. Men, especially those over 46 years old, exhibited a higher %CVR compared to women, whose risk increased from the age of 44. Additionally, 57.1% of men had elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 34% of the total group had HR ≥80 bpm, both factors associated with increased risk. Conclusion: We found differences in cardiovascular risk between men and women aged 30 to 55 living in Bogotá. Men presented a higher risk profile, associated with age, elevated SBP, and higher HR. These findings highlight the need for sex-specific preventive strategies for this urban middle-aged population.
References
-AHA. American Heart Association. All About Heart Rate (Pulse). 2018.
-AHA. American Heart Association. Redefinición de la hipertensión arterial por primera vez en 14 años: 130 es el nuevo valor para la presión alta. Guías de la American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology. 13. 2017.
-Báez, L. Guías colombianas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología. Medellín. Vol. 13. Supl. 1. 2007.
-Enfrec. Colombia. II Estudio Nacional de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades Crónicas. ENFREC II. Tomo III. Serie de Documentos Técnicos 007. Ministerio de Salud. p. 32-38. 1999.
-Ensin. Colombia. Ministerio de la Protección Social; Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia. 2015.
-D’Agostino, R.; e colaboradores. General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulación AHA. Boston. Vol. 117. Num. 6. 2008. p. 743-753.
-Fox, K.; e colaboradores. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. Vol. 372. Num. 9641. 2008. p. 817-821.
-Framingham Heart Study. The Framingham Heart Study is a project of the National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute & Boston University. Disponível em: https://www.framinghamheart study.org/fhs-risk-functions/cardiovasculardise ase-10-year-risk/. Acesso em: 16/03/2018.
-ISAK. Sociedad Internacional para El Avance de La Cineantropometría. Normas Internacionales para la Valoración Antropométrica. Librería Nacional de Austrália. 2006. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 23/05/2018.
-Louise, J.; e colaboradores. The Challenge of Controlling Systolic Blood Pressure: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. Vol. 3. Num. 4. 2001. p. 211-216.
-OMS. Organización Mundial de La Salud. Enfermedades cardiovasculares. 2017.
-OMS. Organización Mundial de La Salud. Recomendaciones mundiales sobre actividad física para la salud. Suiza. 2010.
-Rodríguez, L.; Lázaro, M.; Santos, B. Importancia pronóstica de la frecuencia cardiaca en la población general y en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria e hipertensión arterial. Posibles mecanismos. Revista Española de Cardiología. Vol. 7. Num. Supl. 2007. p. 2-8.
-Santos, M.; e colaboradores. Fatores de risco no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose na infância e adolescência. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. São Paulo. Vol. 90. Num. 4. 2008. p. 301-308.
-Spirduso, W. Dimensões Físicas do Envelhecimento. The University of Texas. São Paulo. Editora Manole. 2005.
-Varela, É. Aspectos Epidemiológicos. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología. Vol. 13. Num. 1. 2007. p. 189-194.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana María Torres Pazmiño, Silvana Corrêa Matheus, Jairo Alejandro Fernandez Ortega
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
